#include
#define TOTAL_ELEMENTS (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
int array[] = {23,34,12,17,204,99,16};
int main()
{
int d;
for(d=-1;d <= (TOTAL_ELEMENTS-2);d++)
printf("%d\n",array[d+1]);
return 0;
}
Find out what's going wrong.
hint
________________________________________
I thought the following program was a perfect C program. But on compiling, I found a silly mistake. Can you find it out (without compiling the program :-) ?
#include
void OS_Solaris_print()
{
printf("Solaris - Sun Microsystems\n");
}
void OS_Windows_print()
{
printf("Windows - Microsoft\n");
}
void OS_HP-UX_print()
{
printf("HP-UX - Hewlett Packard\n");
}
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter the number (1-3):\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
switch(num)
{
case 1:
OS_Solaris_print();
break;
case 2:
OS_Windows_print();
break;
case 3:
OS_HP-UX_print();
break;
default:
printf("Hmm! only 1-3 :-)\n");
break;
}
return 0;
}
hint
________________________________________
What's the expected output for the following program and why?
enum {false,true};
int main()
{
int i=1;
do
{
printf("%d\n",i);
i++;
if(i < 15)
continue;
}while(false);
return 0;
}
hint
________________________________________
The following program doesn't "seem" to print "hello-out". (Try executing it)
#include
#include
int main()
{
while(1)
{
fprintf(stdout,"hello-out");
fprintf(stderr,"hello-err");
sleep(1);
}
return 0;
}
What could be the reason?
________________________________________
#include
#define f(a,b) a##b
#define g(a) #a
#define h(a) g(a)
int main()
{
printf("%s\n",h(f(1,2)));
printf("%s\n",g(f(1,2)));
return 0;
}
Just by looking at the program one "might" expect the output to be, the same for both the printf statements. But on running the program you get it as:
bash$ ./a.out
12
f(1,2)
bash$
Why is it so?
hint
________________________________________
#include
int main()
{
int a=10;
switch(a)
{
case '1':
printf("ONE\n");
break;
case '2':
printf("TWO\n");
break;
defa1ut:
printf("NONE\n");
}
return 0;
}
If you expect the output of the above program to be NONE, I would request you to check it out!!
________________________________________
The following C program segfaults of IA-64, but works fine on IA-32.
int main()
{
int* p;
p = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));
*p = 10;
return 0;
}
Why does it happen so?
________________________________________
________________________________________
Here is a small piece of program(again just 14 lines of program) which counts the number of bits set in a number.
Input Output
0 0(0000000)
5 2(0000101)
7 3(0000111)
int CountBits (unsigned int x )
{
static unsigned int mask[] = { 0x55555555,
0x33333333,
0x0F0F0F0F,
0x00FF00FF,
0x0000FFFF
} ;
int i ;
int shift ; /* Number of positions to shift to right*/
for ( i =0, shift =1; i < 5; i ++, shift *= 2)
x = (x & mask[i ])+ ( ( x >> shift) & mask[i]);
return x;
}
Find out the logic used in the above program.
________________________________________
What do you think would be the output of the following program and why? (If you are about to say "f is 1.0", I would say check it out again)
#include
int main()
{
float f=0.0f;
int i;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
f = f + 0.1f;
if(f == 1.0f)
printf("f is 1.0 \n");
else
printf("f is NOT 1.0\n");
return 0;
}
________________________________________
I thought the following C program is perfectly valid (after reading about the comma operator in C). But there is a mistake in the following program, can you identify it?
#include
int main()
{
int a = 1,2;
printf("a : %d\n",a);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What would be the output of the following C program? (Is it a valid C program?)
#include
int main()
{
int i=43;
printf("%d\n",printf("%d",printf("%d",i)));
return 0;
}
________________________________________
void duff(register char *to, register char *from, register int count)
{
register int n=(count+7)/8;
switch(count%8){
case 0: do{ *to++ = *from++;
case 7: *to++ = *from++;
case 6: *to++ = *from++;
case 5: *to++ = *from++;
case 4: *to++ = *from++;
case 3: *to++ = *from++;
case 2: *to++ = *from++;
case 1: *to++ = *from++;
}while( --n >0);
}
}
Is the above valid C code? If so, what is it trying to acheive and why would anyone do something like the above?
________________________________________
Here is yet another implementation of CountBits. Verify whether it is correct (how do you that???). If so, find out the logic used.
int CountBits(unsigned int x)
{
int count=0;
while(x)
{
count++;
x = x&(x-1);
}
return count;
}
________________________________________
Are the following two function prototypes same?
int foobar(void);
int foobar();
The following programs should be of some help in finding the answer: (Compile and run both the programs and see what happens)
Program 1:
#include
void foobar1(void)
{
printf("In foobar1\n");
}
void foobar2()
{
printf("In foobar2\n");
}
int main()
{
char ch = 'a';
foobar1();
foobar2(33, ch);
return 0;
}
Program 2:
#include
void foobar1(void)
{
printf("In foobar1\n");
}
void foobar2()
{
printf("In foobar2\n");
}
int main()
{
char ch = 'a';
foobar1(33, ch);
foobar2();
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What's the output of the following program and why?
#include
int main()
{
float a = 12.5;
printf("%d\n", a);
printf("%d\n", *(int *)&a);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
The following is a small C program split across files. What do you expect the output to be, when both of them compiled together and run?
File1.c
int arr[80];
File2.c
extern int *arr;
int main()
{
arr[1] = 100;
return 0;
}
________________________________________
Explain the output of the following C program (No, the output is not 20).
#include
int main()
{
int a=1;
switch(a)
{ int b=20;
case 1: printf("b is %d\n",b);
break;
default:printf("b is %d\n",b);
break;
}
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the output of the following program? (Again, it is not 40, (if the size of integer is 4)).
#define SIZE 10
void size(int arr[SIZE])
{
printf("size of array is:%d\n",sizeof(arr));
}
int main()
{
int arr[SIZE];
size(arr);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
The following is a simple c program, in which there is a function called Error to display errors. Can you see a potential problem with the way Error is defined?
#include
#include
void Error(char* s)
{
printf(s);
return;
}
int main()
{
int *p;
p = malloc(sizeof(int));
if(p == NULL)
{
Error("Could not allocate the memory\n");
Error("Quitting....\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
/*some stuff to use p*/
}
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the differnce between the following function calls to scanf?(Please notice the space carefully in the second call. Try removing it and observe the behaviour of the program)
#include
int main()
{
char c;
scanf("%c",&c);
printf("%c\n",c);
scanf(" %c",&c);
printf("%c\n",c);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the potential problem with the following C program?
#include
int main()
{
char str[80];
printf("Enter the string:");
scanf("%s",str);
printf("You entered:%s\n",str);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the output of the following program?
#include
int main()
{
int i;
i = 10;
printf("i : %d\n",i);
printf("sizeof(i++) is: %d\n",sizeof(i++));
printf("i : %d\n",i);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
Why does the following program give a warning? (Please remember that sending a normal pointer to a function requiring const pointer does not give any warning)
#include
void foo(const char **p) { }
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
foo(argv);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the output of the following program?
#include
int main()
{
int i;
i = 1,2,3;
printf("i:%d\n",i);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
The following is a piece of code which implements the reverse Polish Calculator. There is a(are) serious(s) bug in the code. Find it(them) out!!! Assume that the function getop returns the appropriate return values for operands, opcodes, EOF etc..
#include
#include
#define MAX 80
#define NUMBER '0'
int getop(char[]);
void push(double);
double pop(void);
int main()
{
int type;
char s[MAX];
while((type = getop(s)) != EOF)
{
switch(type)
{
case NUMBER:
push(atof(s));
break;
case '+':
push(pop() + pop());
break;
case '*':
push(pop() * pop());
break;
case '-':
push(pop() - pop());
break;
case '/':
push(pop() / pop());
break;
/* ...
* ...
* ...
*/
}
}
}
________________________________________
The following is a simple program which implements a minimal version of banner command available on most *nix systems. Find out the logic used in the program.
#include
#include
char t[]={
0,0,0,0,0,0,12,18,33,63,
33,33,62,32,62,33,33,62,30,33,
32,32,33,30,62,33,33,33,33,62,
63,32,62,32,32,63,63,32,62,32,
32,32,30,33,32,39,33,30,33,33,
63,33,33,33,4,4,4,4,4,4,
1,1,1,1,33,30,33,34,60,36,
34,33,32,32,32,32,32,63,33,51,
45,33,33,33,33,49,41,37,35,33,
30,33,33,33,33,30,62,33,33,62,
32,32,30,33,33,37,34,29,62,33,
33,62,34,33,30,32,30,1,33,30,
31,4,4,4,4,4,33,33,33,33,
33,30,33,33,33,33,18,12,33,33,
33,45,51,33,33,18,12,12,18,33,
17,10,4,4,4,4,63,2,4,8,
16,63
};
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
int r,pr;
for(r=0;r<6;++r)
{
char *p=argv[1];
while(pr&&*p)
{
int o=(toupper(*p++)-'A')*6+6+r;
o=(o<0||o>=sizeof(t))?0:o;
for(pr=5;pr>=-1;--pr)
{
printf("%c",( ( (pr>=0) && (t[o]&(1<
}
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the output of the following program?
#include
#include
#define SIZEOF(arr) (sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]))
#define PrintInt(expr) printf("%s:%d\n",#expr,(expr))
int main()
{
/* The powers of 10 */
int pot[] = {
0001,
0010,
0100,
1000
};
int i;
for(i=0;i
return 0;
}
________________________________________
The following is the implementation of the Euclid's algorithm for finding the G.C.D(Greatest Common divisor) of two integers. Explain the logic for the below implementation and think of any possible improvements on the current implementation.
BTW, what does scanf function return?
#include
int gcd(int u,int v)
{
int t;
while(v > 0)
{
if(u > v)
{
t = u;
u = v;
v = t;
}
v = v-u;
}
return u;
}
int main()
{
int x,y;
printf("Enter x y to find their gcd:");
while(scanf("%d%d",&x, &y) != EOF)
{
if(x >0 && y>0)
printf("%d %d %d\n",x,y,gcd(x,y));
printf("Enter x y to find their gcd:");
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
Also implement a C function similar to the above to find the GCD of 4 integers.
________________________________________
What's the output of the following program. (No, it's not 10!!!)
#include
#define PrintInt(expr) printf("%s : %d\n",#expr,(expr))
int main()
{
int y = 100;
int *p;
p = malloc(sizeof(int));
*p = 10;
y = y/*p; /*dividing y by *p */;
PrintInt(y);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
The following is a simple C program to read a date and print the date. Run it and explain the behaviour
#include
int main()
{
int day,month,year;
printf("Enter the date (dd-mm-yyyy) format including -'s:");
scanf("%d-%d-%d",&day,&month,&year);
printf("The date you have entered is %d-%d-%d\n",day,month,year);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
The following is a simple C program to read and print an integer. But it is not working properly. What is(are) the mistake(s)?
#include
int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter a number:\n");
scanf("%d\n",n);
printf("You entered %d \n",n);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
The following is a simple C program which tries to multiply an integer by 5 using the bitwise operations. But it doesn't do so. Explain the reason for the wrong behaviour of the program.
#include
#define PrintInt(expr) printf("%s : %d\n",#expr,(expr))
int FiveTimes(int a)
{
int t;
t = a<<2 + a;
return t;
}
int main()
{
int a = 1, b = 2,c = 3;
PrintInt(FiveTimes(a));
PrintInt(FiveTimes(b));
PrintInt(FiveTimes(c));
return 0;
}
________________________________________
Is the following a valid C program?
#include
#define PrintInt(expr) printf("%s : %d\n",#expr,(expr))
int max(int x, int y)
{
(x > y) ? return x : return y;
}
int main()
{
int a = 10, b = 20;
PrintInt(a);
PrintInt(b);
PrintInt(max(a,b));
}
________________________________________
The following is a piece of C code, whose intention was to print a minus sign 20 times. But you can notice that, it doesn't work.
#include
int main()
{
int i;
int n = 20;
for( i = 0; i < n; i-- )
printf("-");
return 0;
}
Well fixing the above code is straight-forward. To make the problem interesting, you have to fix the above code, by changing exactly one character. There are three known solutions. See if you can get all those three.
________________________________________
What's the mistake in the following code?
#include
int main()
{
int* ptr1,ptr2;
ptr1 = malloc(sizeof(int));
ptr2 = ptr1;
*ptr2 = 10;
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the output of the following program?
#include
int main()
{
int cnt = 5, a;
do {
a /= cnt;
} while (cnt --);
printf ("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the output of the following program?
#include
int main()
{
int i = 6;
if( ((++i < 7) && ( i++/6)) || (++i <= 9))
;
printf("%d\n",i);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the bug in the following program?
#include
#include
#define SIZE 15
int main()
{
int *a, i;
a = malloc(SIZE*sizeof(int));
for (i=0; i
for (i=0; i
free(a);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
Is the following a valid C program? If so, what is the output of it?
#include
int main()
{
int a=3, b = 5;
printf(&a["Ya!Hello! how is this? %s\n"], &b["junk/super"]);
printf(&a["WHAT%c%c%c %c%c %c !\n"], 1["this"],
2["beauty"],0["tool"],0["is"],3["sensitive"],4["CCCCCC"]);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
What is the output of the following, if the input provided is:
Life is beautiful
#include
int main()
{
char dummy[80];
printf("Enter a string:\n");
scanf("%[^a]",dummy);
printf("%s\n",dummy);
return 0;
}
________________________________________
Note : This question has more to do with Linker than C language
We have three files a.c, b.c and main.c respectively as follows:
a.c
---
int a;
b.c
---
int a = 10;
main.c
------
extern int a;
int main()
{
printf("a = %d\n",a);
return 0;
}
Let's see what happens, when the files are compiled together:
bash$ gcc a.c b.c main.c
bash$ ./a.out
a = 10
Hmm!! no compilation/linker error!!! Why is it so??
________________________________________
The following is the offset macros which is used many a times. Figure out what is it trying to do and what is the advantage of using it.
#define offsetof(a,b) ((int)(&(((a*)(0))->b)))
________________________________________
The following is the macro implementation of the famous, Triple xor swap.
#define SWAP(a,b) ((a) ^= (b) ^= (a) ^= (b))
What are the potential problems with the above macro?
________________________________________
What is the use of the following macro?
#define DPRINTF(x) printf("%s:%d\n",#x,x)
________________________________________
Let's say you were asked to code a function IAddOverFlow which takes three parameters, pointer to an integer where the result is to be stored, and the two integers which needs to be added. It returns 0 if there is an overflow and 1 otherwise:
int IAddOverFlow(int* result,int a,int b)
{
/* ... */
}
So, how do you code the above function? (To put in a nutshell, what is the logic you use for overflow detection?)
________________________________________
What does the following macro do?
#define ROUNDUP(x,n) ((x+n-1)&(~(n-1)))
________________________________________
Most of the C programming books, give the following example for the definition of macros.
#define isupper(c) (((c) >= 'A') && ((c) <= 'Z'))
But there would be a serious problem with the above definition of macro, if it is used as follows (what is the problem??)
char c;
/* ... */
if(isupper(c++))
{
/* ... */
}
But most of the libraries implement the isupper (declared in ctypes.h) as a macro (without any side effects). Find out how isupper() is implemented on your system.
________________________________________
I hope you know that ellipsis (...) is used to specify variable number of arguments to a function. (What is the function prototype declaration for printf?) What is wrong with the following delcaration?
int VarArguments(...)
{
/*....*/
return 0;
}
________________________________________
Write a C program to find the smallest of three integers, without using any of the comparision operators.
________________________________________
What does the format specifier %n of printf function do?
________________________________________
Write a C function which does the addition of two integers without using the '+' operator. You can use only the bitwise operators.(Remember the good old method of implementing the full-adder circuit using the or, and, xor gates....)
________________________________________
How do you print I can print % using the printf function? (Remember % is used as a format specifier!!!)
________________________________________
What's the difference between the following two C statements?
const char *p;
char* const p;
________________________________________
What is the difference between memcpy and memmove?
________________________________________
What is the format specifiers for printf to print double and float values?
________________________________________
Write a small C program to determine whether a machine's type is little-endian or big-endian.
________________________________________
Write a C program which prints Hello World! without using a semicolon!!!
No comments:
Post a Comment